““My candle burns at both ends”: Why did Dahl choose a short poem with a strong feminist flavor as his motto?

In the biog­ra­phy of Roald Dahl writ­ten by British chil­dren’s book author Michael Rosen, *The Great Mr. Dahl*Fan­tas­tic Mr. DahlThe open­ing sec­tion records a short poem that Dahl held as his life­long mot­to:

My can­dle burns at both ends;
It will not last the night;
But ah, my foes, and oh, my friends –
It gives a love­ly light!

— Edna St. Vin­cent Mil­lay

My can­dle is burn­ing at both ends.
It ulti­mate­ly would­n’t last until dawn;
But oh, my ene­my, my friend—
It emits such a mes­mer­iz­ing light!
—Edna Saint Vin­cent Mil­lais (Trans­lat­ed by A‑Jia)

This short poem, only four lines long, is quite spir­it­ed. It first admits: burn­ing at both ends like this, the can­dle won’t last long. Then it abrupt­ly changes its tone: But look how enchant­i­ng this light is!

It seems fit­ting to place it in front of Dahl’s book. The man who wrote about the choco­late fac­to­ry, the giant peach­es, and the BFG cer­tain­ly does­n’t resem­ble a prop­er, slow­ly burn­ing can­dle.

How­ev­er, trac­ing the author’s name leads to an inter­est­ing ques­tion: this poem is by an Amer­i­can female poet with strong fem­i­nist views. Why did Dahl choose it? (Because a sig­nif­i­cant por­tion of the com­plaints against Dahl con­cerns his “anti-fem­i­nist” ten­den­cies!)

Listen first, who’s saying “my candle”?“

Mil­lais’s poem, “First Fig,” was includ­ed in her 1920 poet­ry col­lec­tion. A Few Figs from This­tlesThe book could be trans­lat­ed as “Pick­ing Figs from This­tles.” Three years lat­er, she won the Pulitzer Prize for Poet­ry.

Edna St. Vin­cent Mil­lay

This col­lec­tion of poems attract­ed atten­tion at the time, large­ly due to its bold expres­sion of female desire and autonomous life. The Amer­i­can Acad­e­my of Poets’ author intro­duc­tion also specif­i­cal­ly men­tions its fem­i­nist aspects.

Of course, these four lines alone do not men­tion “woman” nor direct­ly dis­cuss gen­der equal­i­ty. To under­stand their mean­ing, the poem must be placed back into the con­text of Mil­lais’s work and his era.

What’s note­wor­thy is the word “my” at the begin­ning.

My candle—I know how it burns, and I know the price that comes with it. Ene­mies may dis­ap­prove, friends may wor­ry, but the speak­er must still point out to every­one the light it emits.

If you ask a young woman who is expect­ed to be docile, restrained, and con­sid­er­ate of oth­ers to say these words, the chal­lenge they car­ry is not hard to hear. “How I choose to live, can I decide for myself?” This is where I see the con­nec­tion between this poem and female auton­o­my.

More­over, the poem was­n’t at all bit­ter or resent­ful. A few excla­ma­tions like “But,” and “Oh,” even car­ried a touch of play­ful­ness. She knew per­fect­ly well what oth­ers would say in their words, yet she smiled and accept­ed their response.

Such a voice could cer­tain­ly move a male read­er.

As for where Dahl first read it and why he chose it as his mot­to, the avail­able mate­ri­als are insuf­fi­cient to pro­vide a defin­i­tive answer. Lik­ing a poem by Mil­lais does not prove that he agrees with all of the poet­’s ideas. What we can do is place these four lines along­side his life and works, and see how they reflect each oth­er.

Dahl joined the Roy­al Air Force

Even if an experience is legendary enough, someone still needs to turn it into a story.

Dahl’s expe­ri­ence cer­tain­ly makes one think of “burn­ing at both ends”.

In 1939, he joined the Roy­al Air Force. The fol­low­ing year, his plane made an emer­gency land­ing in the North African desert, caught fire, and he was seri­ous­ly injured. After treat­ment and recu­per­a­tion, he returned to the cock­pit and par­tic­i­pat­ed in com­bat over Greece.

Lat­er, he was assigned to Wash­ing­ton as an assis­tant air force attaché, where he also par­tic­i­pat­ed in wartime pro­pa­gan­da and intel­li­gence work. If the cam­era were to stop here, it would already resem­ble the open­ing scene of an adven­ture movie.

What inter­ests me more is what hap­pened next: how did those expe­ri­ences become part of his sto­ry?

There’s a great exam­ple in *The Amaz­ing Mr. Dahl*. Pilots often blame plane mal­func­tions on a mis­chie­vous lit­tle crea­ture called an “air­plane sprite.” These lit­tle things hide inside the plane and cause trou­ble. Dahl heard this, remem­bered it, and talked about it with his com­pan­ions as they trav­eled, grad­u­al­ly turn­ing it into sto­ries.

Dahl’s “The Grem­lins”

This detail is much more spe­cif­ic than say­ing “a genius writer has a rich imag­i­na­tion”.

It turns out his imag­i­na­tion did have its sources: a joke from some­one else, a slang term, casu­al con­ver­sa­tion dur­ing a jour­ney. Once it reached him, the sto­ry would unfold—Where do these lit­tle elves live? Why do they cause trou­ble? Do they have wives and chil­dren?

Michael Rosen is a mas­ter sto­ry­teller him­self, so he knows exact­ly where to lead us. While leg­endary expe­ri­ences are cer­tain­ly com­pelling, he also wants young read­ers to see how a per­son lis­tens, remem­bers, and trans­forms what they hear into their own sto­ry.

Dahl and his first wife, Patri­cia Neal (who won the 36th Acad­e­my Award for Best Actress).

Some light comes from places that are hard to describe.

Dahl’s fam­i­ly life also suf­fered a series of dev­as­tat­ing blows.

In 1960, his four-month-old son, Theo, was in a car acci­dent and suf­fered a severe head injury, lat­er devel­op­ing hydro­cephalus. Dahl par­tic­i­pat­ed in his son’s treat­ment, col­lab­o­rat­ing with engi­neer Stan­ley Wade and neu­ro­sur­geon Ken­neth Thiel to devel­op a drainage device. It lat­er became known as the “Wade-Dal-Thill valve”.

Dahl’s “Wade-Dahl-Till Valve”“

In the book, Rosen men­tions a detail that is eas­i­ly over­looked: when the device was made, Theo’s con­di­tion had already improved, and he did not need it; but lat­er, thou­sands of oth­er sick chil­dren received help.

A father, eager to do some­thing for his own child, end­ed up help­ing some­one else’s child. This turn­ing point is pow­er­ful enough; there’s no need to glo­ri­fy him as an omnipo­tent hero.

In 1962, his sev­en-year-old daugh­ter Olivia died from com­pli­ca­tions of measles. This time, Dahl could not save her.

It’s also dif­fi­cult to con­nect this to the phrase, “So he turned his grief into strength.” Rosen writes that Dahl had long suf­fered from depres­sion. He tried to under­stand the cir­cum­stances of his daugh­ter’s death and lat­er spoke out for the cause of measles vac­ci­na­tion for chil­dren. But these actions did not mean that the grief was over.

Read­ing this, you’ll bet­ter under­stand why I appre­ci­ate Rosen writ­ing this biog­ra­phy. The author of *The Book of Grief* also expe­ri­enced the pain of los­ing a child. In writ­ing about Dahl, he describes the shared grief, anger, and con­fu­sion they faced. The biog­ra­phy paus­es here, show­ing us that even some­one who could write mag­ic had moments of help­less­ness.

“Dal’s Mir­a­cle Potion” show­cas­es his extra­or­di­nary tal­ent in med­i­cine.

Years lat­er, when his wife Patri­cia Neal fell seri­ous­ly ill, Dahl devot­ed him­self to her reha­bil­i­ta­tion. He arranged very rig­or­ous train­ing, and Neal even­tu­al­ly returned to the enter­tain­ment indus­try. But to sim­ply por­tray this expe­ri­ence as a “mir­a­cle by a strong hus­band” would obscure Neal’s own ardu­ous efforts and the com­plex feel­ings with­in the rela­tion­ship.

Biogra­phies writ­ten for chil­dren and biogra­phies aimed at adults that delve into mar­riage and char­ac­ter each have their own pri­or­i­ties. When read­ing Dahl, I am will­ing to con­sid­er these dif­fer­ent nar­ra­tives togeth­er. The word “remark­able” can encom­pass admi­ra­tion, but it should also allow for fur­ther inquiry.

Dahl in writ­ing

Even someone burning at both ends has to sit down and revise their manuscript.

Hav­ing recount­ed these ups and downs, return­ing to the writ­ing hut in the gar­den feels all the more inter­est­ing.

A pen­cil, a yel­low notepad, and a chair mod­i­fied to accom­mo­date his injured back. Dahl sat there, writ­ing sto­ries.

Based sole­ly on the phrase “burn­ing at both ends,” we might imag­ine him work­ing day and night, unable to stop once inspi­ra­tion strikes. How­ev­er, Rosen’s dai­ly life, as depict­ed, fol­lows a rather fixed rhythm: Dahl writes dur­ing his usu­al hours and spends the rest of his time doing oth­er things and find­ing enjoy­ment.

He also kept a note­book to catch those ideas that he might for­get in the blink of an eye. A strange scene, an inter­est­ing say­ing, he would jot it down first; when he did­n’t know what to write, he would flip through it again.

As I men­tioned in the trans­la­tor’s after­word, what I find most hard to let go of in this book is Rosenken’s mas­ter­ful sto­ry­telling.

Michael Rosen him­self also has an auto­bi­og­ra­phy.

He will lead read­ers to pon­der: how Dahl exag­ger­ates, how he whets the appetite, and how he makes us stand on the side of the bul­lied child. Read­ing *James and the Giant Peach*, why do we so eager­ly await James escap­ing those two hor­ri­ble aunts? Read­ing *Matil­da*, why do we feel both afraid of the head­mas­ter and unable to resist laugh­ing?

As a child, I was engrossed in read­ing these books, and as an adult, revis­it­ing them to see how the authors achieved this still brings just as much enjoy­ment.

For chil­dren already cap­ti­vat­ed by Dahl, this book allows them to dis­cov­er new things with­in famil­iar sto­ries; for adults read­ing with their chil­dren, it pro­vides a great start­ing point for con­ver­sa­tion. There’s no need to rush into dis­cussing “writ­ing tech­niques”; sim­ply ask each oth­er: Why does this pas­sage par­tic­u­lar­ly make you want to con­tin­ue read­ing?

A pho­to of Dahl and his daugh­ter Tes­sa.
Dahl’s grand­daugh­ter Sophie

Let’s go back to that little bit of light.

Dahl also brings sto­ries from the page into real life.

Not con­tent with telling his grand­daugh­ter the sto­ry of the kind-heart­ed giant, he actu­al­ly climbed a lad­der and peered into the upstairs bed­room window—to let the child lis­ten­ing to the sto­ry meet her own “giant.”

Rosen wrote about this in his book and asked young read­ers to imag­ine: How would you feel if you were lying in bed on the sec­ond floor and your grand­fa­ther sud­den­ly peeked in through the win­dow?

I love this scene. The tall Dahl, climb­ing a lad­der, is dili­gent­ly work­ing on a sto­ry.

Reread­ing Mil­lais’s poet­ry, I think Dahl might appre­ci­ate its rest­less spir­it and play­ful nature, its ten­den­cy to quip off to both friends and ene­mies. Of course, this remains a read­er’s spec­u­la­tion. That can­dle can­not explain his entire life.

But it’s per­fect to place it at the begin­ning of the book, remind­ing us to read on with curios­i­ty.

If you and your chil­dren have already explored the world of the choco­late fac­to­ry, the giant peach, or Matil­da’s world, why not pick up *The Fan­tas­tic Mr. Dahl* again? This time, let “NICE Grand­pa” Michael Rosen guide you through how those cap­ti­vat­ing sto­ries came to be.

After read­ing this, you might want to take out an idea book.

Just jot down this thought for now.

[Appen­dix: Grand­pa Nice’s response to Dahl’s so-called “anti-fem­i­nist” ten­den­cies]

In the book, Rosen shows how Dahl refut­ed these crit­i­cisms:

  • Empha­siz­ing the coex­is­tence of “good” and “evil” women in the work.When Dahl clashed with crit­ics, he made it clear that his books fea­tured both ter­ri­ble and kind women, and asked rhetor­i­cal­ly, “Aren’t all chil­dren’s sto­ries like that?”
  • Using excep­tion­al­ly out­stand­ing female char­ac­ters as counter-evi­denceRosen not­ed that Dahl and his sup­port­ers encour­aged read­ers to pay atten­tion to pow­er­ful women. For exam­ple,The wise and lov­ing grand­moth­er in “The Witch­es” and the brave and kind lit­tle girl Sophie in “The BFG” are both extreme­ly intel­li­gent and gen­tle female fig­ures..
  • Fur­ther evi­dence was pro­vid­ed through lat­er works.Rosen added that Dahl’s lat­er work, *Matil­da*, con­tin­ued this por­tray­al of beau­ti­ful women. In this book, he fur­ther cre­at­ed…The genius girl Matil­da and the kind and gen­tle Miss Hen­ny.
Matil­da and Miss Hen­ney (illus­trat­ed by Quentin Black)

It’s clear that Rosen’s han­dling of this con­tro­ver­sy is some­what sim­i­lar to his pre­vi­ous treat­ment of racial bias in his work. He did­n’t try to ignore the crit­i­cism, but rather…It guides read­ers to view the mul­ti-dimen­sion­al group of char­ac­ters in Dahl’s works in a com­pre­hen­sive way.This proves that while Dahl exag­ger­at­ed the “evil” side of cer­tain women, he also poured great emo­tion into prais­ing those female char­ac­ters who were full of wis­dom, love and rebel­lious spir­it.